Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased over time? The evidence is limited and we’re only able to provide incomplete solutions. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we don’t know how much each one contributes.
In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today and not in the past, has to be due to the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, Www.xinyubi.com/index.php/User:AlenaBalmain (visit the up coming website) like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.
This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.
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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let’s examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.
You can confirm that the points you’ve listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the «Change country» option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.