Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and why is this difference growing in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn’t strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we’re not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.
We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, Ссылка на искомое; upmediodesign.com.xx3.kz, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.
The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half one year.
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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let’s take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.
There is an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, there’s an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially in the past century.
By selecting ‘Change Country by country’ in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points also apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.