Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and how does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we’re not sure how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.
In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brothers.
Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.
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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let’s look at how the gender advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart plots the male and اوضاع الجماع female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small but it has risen significantly over time.
You can confirm that the points you’ve listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the «Change country» option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.