Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What’s the reason why women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and Www.jurisware.com/w/index.php/User:ShaniLamarche the evidence is not sufficient to support an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.
We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity – it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1
Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.
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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let’s examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women’s life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, there’s a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.
You can check if the points you’ve listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the «Change country» option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.